This paper can be described as a true multi-disciplinary and hybrid collaborative work containing a significant legal analysis. 

The paper has also been endorsed by the following societies: the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), Australian and NZ Society for Vascular Surgery (ANZSVS), Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), American Venous Forum (AVF), Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA), European College of Phlebology (ECP) and the College of Phlebology (UK).

Background: Inadvertent intra-arterial injection of sclerosants is an uncommon adverse event of both ultrasound guided
and direct vision sclerotherapy. This complication can result in significant tissue or limb loss and significant longterm
morbidity.

Objectives: To provide recommendations for diagnosis and immediate management of an unintentional intra-arterial
injection of sclerosing agents.